πόλις

πόλις, [dialect] Ep. also [full] πτόλις (found sts. in Trag. etc.,

A v. πτόλις) , ἡ: [dialect] Ep. forms, acc. sg.

πόληα Hes.Sc.105

, Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.62; gen. πόλιος or πτόλιος, Il.2.811, 4.514, al.,

πόληος 16.395

, al. (also Thgn.757),

πόλεος Il.21.567

; dat.

πόλει 5.686

, al.,

πτόλεϊ 17.152

,

πόληϊ 3.50

(also Tyrt.12.15): pl., nom.

πόλιες Od.15.412

,

πόληες Il.4.45

; gen.

πολίων 1.125

, al.; dat.

πολίεσσι Od.21.252

; acc.

πόλεις Il.2.648

, al.,

πόληας Od.17.486

, Call.Fr.9.70 P.(scanned ?πόλιςX ?πόλιςX [pron. full] ?πόλιςX ¯ IG12.826), πόλιας (disyll.) Od.8.560,574, (trisyll.) Il.4.308 (s.v.l.,

πόλεας Aristarch.

): [dialect] Ion. forms, gen.

πόλεως IG12(8).356

([place name] Thasos), GDI5653a13 ([place name] Chios), etc., also Xenoph.2.9,22, v.l. in Thgn.1043; written

πόλειως GDI5532.19

([place name] Zeleia); πόλεος ib.5339.41 (Orop.), IG12(7).103 ([place name] Amorgos), Thgn. 776, etc.,

πόλιος Hdt.1.26

, al., Herod.2.8, al.,

πόληος Thgn.

(v. supr.), cj. in Hippon.47, cf. An.Ox.1.361; dat. mostly πόλει, but

πόλῑ Hdt. 2.60

, al., πόληϊ (or -ῃ) SIG169.3 (lasos, iv B.C.): pl., usu. πόλεις, πόλεων, πόλεσι, but in Hdt.

πόλιες 1.142

, al., πολίων ib.6, al., πόλισι ib. 151, al.; acc.

πόλῑς 2.177

,al.,

πόλιας 1.142

, 2.102, al.: [dialect] Dor. gen. sg.

πόλιος SIG615.3

(Delph., ii B.C.); dat. sg.

πόλι IG4.839

(Calaurea, iv B.C.); dat. pl.

πολίεσι Pi.P.7.8

; πολίεσσι Foed.Lac. ap. Th.5.77 (v.l. πολίεσι), 79, IG42(1).74.4 (Epid., iii B.C.); Cret.

πόλιθι GDI5019.3

: [dialect] Aeol. gen.

πόλιος IG12(2).526a8

(πόληος is an Epicism in Alc. Supp.17.6); gen. pl.

πολίων IG11(4).1064b20

; dat. pl. πολίεσσι ib. 12(2).1.6: Trag., gen. πόλεως disyll. (as also in Com., exc. Ar.Eq. 763), thrice

πόλεος A.Ag.1167

(lyr.), S.Ant.162, E.Or.897:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. earlier than 350 B.C. sts. have dat. sg. πόλῃ, IG12.108.35,22.17.10,42.5, 53.7; [dialect] Att. dual

πόλη Isoc.8.116

, πόλη or

πόλει Aeschin.

Socr.8 (where Choerob. cites both forms, in Theod.1.314, 136 H.); gen.

τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.73

: Elean nom. sg.

πόλερ Schwyzer425.16

; gen. πόλιορ ib.20 (iii/ii B.C.):—city, Hom. ll.cc., Hes.Sc.270, etc.; π. ἄκρη, ἀκροτάτη, = ἀκρόπολις, the citadel, Il.6.88, 20.52; which at Athens also was in early times called simply π., while the rest of the city was called

ἄστυ, καλεῖται . . ἡ ἀκρόπολις μέχρι τοῦδε ἔτι ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων π. Th.2.15

; ἐν πόλει in treaties, Id.5.23,47, cf. IG12.372.1, Ar. Lys.245,758;

ἐς πόλιν IG12.91.4

;

πρὸς πόλιν Ar.Lys.288

(lyr.);

ἐκ πόλεως Id.Eq.1093

; but

ἐν τῇ πόλει X.An.7.1.27

, dub. in Antipho 6.39; so Ἰνάχου π. the citadel of Argos, E.Fr.228.6; of the Cadmea at Thebes, Plu.Pel.18, cf. Str.8.6.8; of Alexandria, Eust.239.13; π. ἡ ἁγία, of Jerusalem, LXX Ne.11.1: with the name of the city added in gen., Ἰλίου π., Ἄργους π., the city of . . , A.Ag.29, Ar.Eq.813; also in appos.,

ἡ Μένδη π. Th.4.130

;

ἡ π. οἱ Ταρσοί X.An.1.2.26

.

2 one's city or country,

πόθι τοι π. ἠδὲ τοκῆες; Od.1.170

, etc., cf. πόλιν· τὴν χώραν, Hsch.

3 ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως city governor, OGI113.3,134.2, al.(Cyprus, ii B.C.), Plb.5.39.3: without Art.,

ἐπὶ πόλιος IG7.2809.2

(Hyettus, iii B.C.), etc.; ἐπὶ πόλεως ib.299.1 (Oropus. iii B.C.);

στρατηγὸς πόλεως OGI743

(Ptol.);

στρατηγὸς τῆς π. BGU729.1

(ii A.D.); στρατηγὸς κατὰ πόλιν, = Lat. praetor urbanus, IG14.951.2 (Rome, i B.C.).

II country, as dependent on and called after its city,

ἀνθρώπων οἳ τήνδε π. καὶ γαῖαν ἔχουσιν Od.6.177

, cf. Hes.Sc.380, S.OC 1533. etc.; esp. of islands peopled by men,

Αῆμνον π. Θόαντος Il.14.230

; π. Αἴαντος, = Σαλαμίς, Pi.I.5(4).48, etc.;

περιρρύτας π. A.Eu.77

, cf. E. Ion294, Ar.Pax251 (v. Sch.); also

διώχληκε π. πολλὰς . . , Σικελίαν, Ἰταλίαν, Πελοπόννησον, Θετταλίαν κτλ. Lys.6.6

, cf. Str.8.3.31.

III community or body of citizens (opp. ἄστυ, their dwellings, Il.17.144, but in

δῆμός τε π. τε Od.11.14

, π. denotes the town),

ὧν π. ἀνάριθμος ὄλλυται S.OT179

(lyr.): hence,

2 state or community,

ξύμπασα π. κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀπηύρα Hes.Op.240

, cf. Pi.P.2.88, S.OT22, E.Ph.947, etc.;

π. ἄνδρα διδάσκει Simon.67

; esp. free state, republic, S.Ant.738 (cf. 734), X.Cyr.8.2.28, Arist.Pol.1276a23;

τὰ τῆς π.

state affairs, government,

Pl.Prt.319a

;

π. ἡ γενῶν καὶ κωμῶν κοινωνία ζωῆς τελείας καὶ αὐτάρκους Arist.Pol.1280b40

; τὴν π. φεύγειν shun one's public duties, D.45.66; assembly of citizens, Berl.Sitzb.1927.8 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.).

3 rights of citizenship, Ar.Ra.718, D.21.106.

IV πόλιν παίζειν, a game resembling backgammon, Cratin.56, perh. alluded to in Pl.R.422e. (Cf. Skt. pūr, Lith. pilìs 'fortrees'.)